Taurine
EFSA's 2009 opinion concluded that exposure to taurine from regular consumption of energy drinks is not of safety concern, with substantial margins of safety at typical intakes. Concerns relate primarily to combinations with high caffeine doses rather than taurine itself.
What it is
A sulfur-containing amino-sulfonic acid naturally found in animal tissues; commercially synthesized for use in supplements and energy drinks.
Added as a functional ingredient in energy drinks, infant formula, and certain medical foods; not used as a sweetener or preservative.
Why it's flagged
- combined effects with caffeine in high-energy beverages
What regulators actually say
"It is unlikely that taurine and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone would interact with the negative effects on the cardiovascular system or central nervous system of a high intake of caffeine. The exposure to taurine from regular consumption of energy drinks is not of safety concern."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Used in foods including infant formula; subject to FDA infant-formula nutrient regulations.
European Union — EFSA
Reviewed by EFSA (2009); no safety concern at reported use levels in energy drinks.
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