Sugar Alcohol
Also known as: Polyol, Polyols
Sugar alcohols are generally recognized as safe and do not raise blood glucose as sharply as sugar, but consumption above ~10–20 g/day frequently causes gastrointestinal effects (bloating, gas, osmotic diarrhea). Some recent observational research has raised cardiovascular concerns for erythritol specifically; evidence is still evolving.
What it is
A class of low-digestibility carbohydrate sweeteners (e.g., sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol) that are partially absorbed and provide fewer calories than sugar.
Used as bulk sweeteners and humectants in sugar-free candies, gums, baked goods, and ice cream.
Why it's flagged
- GI upset: Causes bloating, gas, and laxative effects in many people at moderate doses.
- Erythritol cardiovascular signal: Emerging observational evidence has linked high blood erythritol to thrombotic risk; causality not established.
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Approved food additives / GRAS depending on polyol
European Union — EFSA
Authorised food additives (E-numbers vary by polyol)
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