Sodium Polyphosphates
GRAS at FDA-permitted levels but EFSA in 2019 set a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for phosphates and noted total dietary phosphate intake exceeds safe levels for many consumers, especially children. High phosphate intake is associated with cardiovascular and kidney concerns.
What it is
A class of sodium salts of polyphosphoric acids, including sodium tripolyphosphate (E451) and sodium hexametaphosphate (E452). Used as food additives.
Emulsifier, sequestrant, moisture retention, texture modifier; common in processed meats, seafood, and dairy.
Why it's flagged
- EFSA 2019 group ADI of 40 mg P/kg bw/day; dietary intake exceeds safe levels for many consumers (especially children)
- High intake associated with cardiovascular and renal harm, particularly in CKD
What regulators actually say
"The Panel established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for phosphates expressed as phosphorus of 40 mg/kg body weight per day."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS / approved food additive
European Union — EFSA
E451/E452 with group ADI of 40 mg/kg bw/day (2019 reassessment)
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