Roasted Coffee
Moderate coffee intake (3-4 cups/day) is associated with neutral to beneficial health outcomes for most adults. Contains caffeine, which can affect sleep, heart rhythm, and pregnancy.
What it is
Coffea arabica or robusta beans that have been roasted to develop flavor compounds.
Provides characteristic coffee flavor, color, aroma, and caffeine.
Why it's flagged
- Caffeine content
- Acrylamide formation during roasting (small amounts)
- Pregnancy: limit caffeine
What regulators actually say
"Caffeine. The ingredient is generally recognized as safe when used in cola-type beverages in accordance with good manufacturing practice."
"Single doses of caffeine up to 200 mg... do not give rise to safety concerns for the general adult population."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Standard food; caffeine GRAS in 21 CFR 182.1180
European Union — EFSA
EFSA 2015 opinion: up to 400 mg caffeine/day for adults presents no safety concerns
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