Roasted Coffee Beans
Roasted coffee is generally recognized as safe; moderate consumption (3-5 cups/day, ~400 mg caffeine) is associated with neutral or beneficial cardiovascular outcomes per FDA. Caffeine content can cause jitteriness, sleep disruption, or elevated blood pressure in sensitive individuals.
What it is
Seeds of Coffea arabica or C. canephora that have been heat-roasted to develop flavor compounds.
Brewing material for coffee beverages; flavoring agent in confections and desserts.
Why it's flagged
- caffeine sensitivity
- sleep disruption
- may worsen reflux
- acrylamide formed during roasting
What regulators actually say
"For healthy adults, the FDA has cited 400 milligrams a day—that's about four or five cups of coffee—as an amount not generally associated with dangerous, negative effects."
"Single doses of caffeine up to 200 mg and habitual caffeine consumption up to 400 mg per day do not give rise to safety concerns for adults in the general population."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Caffeine GRAS for cola-type beverages; coffee is a conventional food.
European Union — EFSA
EFSA: single doses of caffeine up to 200 mg and habitual intake up to 400 mg/day from all sources do not raise safety concerns for healthy adults.
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