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Retinyl Palmitate
Retinyl Palmitate
Low concern
Retinyl palmitate is FDA-approved for vitamin A fortification. Vitamin A is essential, but preformed vitamin A has a defined Tolerable Upper Intake Level (3,000 mcg RAE/day for adults) due to teratogenicity and hepatic toxicity at chronic high doses, especially relevant for pregnancy.
Found in
34,334 products
What it is
Ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid; preformed vitamin A.
Vitamin A fortificant in dairy and other foods.
Why it's flagged
- teratogenic risk at high doses during pregnancy
- hepatic toxicity at chronic excessive intake
What regulators actually say
"Excessive intake of preformed vitamin A can have toxic effects... High preformed vitamin A intakes during pregnancy can cause birth defects."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS for fortification (21 CFR 184.1930)
European Union — EFSA
Permitted as fortificant
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