Piperine
Piperine is a normal constituent of dietary black pepper. As a concentrated supplement ingredient, piperine has been shown to inhibit human cytochrome P450 enzymes, potentially altering metabolism of co-administered drugs.
What it is
Piperine is the principal pungent alkaloid of black pepper (Piper nigrum); it is GRAS as a black pepper extractive flavoring.
Flavor compound (pungency); minor use as a bioavailability-enhancer ingredient in supplements.
Why it's flagged
- CYP enzyme inhibition (drug interactions in supplement-level doses)
What regulators actually say
"Spices and other natural seasonings and flavorings... include pepper, black (Piper nigrum L.)."
"Piperine has been demonstrated to enhance the bioavailability of various drugs and nutrients by inhibiting various drug metabolizing enzymes."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Black pepper and its oleoresin are GRAS under 21 CFR 182.10 and 182.20
European Union — EFSA
Permitted as a flavoring constituent
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