Parabens
EFSA's 2004 re-evaluation set a group ADI of 0–10 mg/kg bw/day for methyl- and ethylparaben (E218 and E214) but withdrew the ADI for propyl- and butylparaben due to endocrine concerns. EU later removed propyl/butylparaben from authorized food additives.
What it is
Class of alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (e.g., methylparaben, ethylparaben — E218/E214) used as preservatives.
Antimicrobial preservative.
Why it's flagged
- endocrine-disrupting potential of longer-chain parabens (propyl-/butylparaben)
- EU removed propylparaben (E216) from food additives
What regulators actually say
"The Panel established a group ADI of 0-10 mg/kg bw/day for the sum of methyl and ethyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters and their sodium salts. The Panel was unable to recommend an ADI for propyl paraben."
"Methylparaben is generally recognized as safe when used as a chemical preservative."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Methylparaben (21 CFR 184.1490) and propylparaben (21 CFR 184.1670) listed as GRAS preservatives, though use in food is uncommon in the US.
European Union — EFSA
Methyl- and ethylparaben (E218, E214) authorized with ADI 0-10 mg/kg bw/d. Propyl- and butylparaben no longer authorised in food.
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