Pantothenic Acid
Pantothenic acid is essential and naturally widespread in foods. NIH ODS notes no UL has been established and adverse effects are rare; very high doses (~10 g/day) may cause mild GI upset.
What it is
Vitamin B5 - water-soluble vitamin essential for synthesis of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein. Pale-yellow viscous liquid; commonly supplied as calcium or sodium pantothenate.
Nutrient fortificant.
Why it's flagged
- mild GI upset at very high doses (>= 10 g/day)
What regulators actually say
"Pantothenic acid is generally regarded as safe and high oral doses (e.g., 10 g/day) have only caused mild gastrointestinal effects... No UL for pantothenic acid has been established."
"Calcium D-pantothenate (C18H32CaN2O10, CAS Reg. No. 137-08-6)... is generally recognized as safe for use as a nutrient."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Calcium pantothenate GRAS (21 CFR 184.1212); no UL set.
European Union — EFSA
Authorized vitamin source for fortification under EU 1925/2006.
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