O-Phenylphenol
OPP is classified by IARC as Group 3 (not classifiable) but its sodium salt is Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic). Residues on citrus peels are tightly regulated; exposure from peeled fruit is minimal.
What it is
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP), an aromatic biocide used as a postharvest fungicide on citrus and as a surface antimicrobial.
Postharvest fungicidal treatment to prevent mold on fresh produce; not added to processed food.
Why it's flagged
- potential carcinogenicity (sodium salt 2B)
- skin/eye irritation
What regulators actually say
"Ortho-phenylphenol is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). Sodium ortho-phenylphenate is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B)."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Permitted as postharvest fungicide with tolerances under 40 CFR
European Union — EFSA
Approved as plant protection product with MRLs
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