Menaquinone
Also known as: vitamin K2
Menaquinone (vitamin K2) is essential for blood clotting and bone health. NIH ODS notes vitamin K toxicity is rare and no Tolerable Upper Intake Level has been set due to low toxicity.
What it is
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4, -7, etc.), a fat-soluble vitamin produced by bacteria; found in fermented foods and animal products.
Vitamin K2 nutrient/fortificant; supports blood clotting and bone metabolism.
Why it's flagged
- interaction with anticoagulants such as warfarin
What regulators actually say
"Vitamin K has very low toxicity, even at high amounts. The Food and Nutrition Board has not established a UL for any form of vitamin K."
"EFSA established Adequate Intake values for vitamin K (phylloquinone) in different age groups."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Permitted as a nutrient supplement (21 CFR 184.1973 for menadione/related; menaquinone-7 has Notified GRAS)
European Union — EFSA
Vitamin K2 is approved; EFSA established Adequate Intake levels
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