Maltodextrin
FDA-recognized as GRAS, but multiple peer-reviewed studies link maltodextrin to gut microbiome disruption, impaired anti-microbial defense, mucus barrier damage, and exacerbated colitis in animal models — and to altered gut function in human RCTs. Glycemic index is very high (~85–105).
What it is
A short-chain glucose polymer (3–20 glucose units, DE 3–20) produced by partial enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of corn, potato, rice, or wheat starch.
Filler, thickener, texturizer, bulking agent, spray-dry carrier for flavors/colors, and rapidly absorbed carbohydrate in sports nutrition.
Why it's flagged
- Very high glycemic index (~85-105) causes sharp blood-glucose spikes
- Alters gut microbiota in human RCTs and animal models
- Disrupts intestinal mucus layer and anti-bacterial defenses in animal studies
What regulators actually say
"MDX has direct effects on the intestinal epithelium that result in an impaired mucus barrier, as well as indirect effects on the proliferation of the stem cell niche, ultimately accelerating colitis onset in genetically susceptible hosts."
"MDX exposure was sufficient to promote bacterial viability ... commensal bacteria to penetrate the protective mucous layer and make direct contact with intestinal epithelial cells."
"Orally-consumed maltodextrin often (63.9% of randomized controlled trials) induces effects on human physiology and gut microbiota."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS — 21 CFR 184.1444
European Union — EFSA
Permitted; no specific ADI
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