Hydroxyapatite
Hydroxyapatite is a recognized source of calcium and phosphate. EFSA evaluated nano-hydroxyapatite separately and found insufficient data on safety in nanoform for cosmetic use; non-nano forms have a long history of safe oral use.
What it is
A naturally occurring calcium phosphate mineral, Ca5(PO4)3(OH); the primary mineral in bones and teeth.
Used as a calcium fortificant and abrasive/remineralizing agent (primarily in oral care, less commonly in food).
Why it's flagged
- nano-hydroxyapatite safety data limited (non-food cosmetic context)
What regulators actually say
"Calcium phosphate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice."
"SCCS Opinion on Hydroxyapatite (nano) – the SCCS considers hydroxyapatite (nano) safe when used in toothpastes up to a maximum concentration of 10%."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Calcium phosphate compounds are GRAS as nutrients/dietary supplements (21 CFR 184.1191).
European Union — EFSA
EFSA SCCS opinion on nano-hydroxyapatite (2021/2023) noted data gaps for nanoform.
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