Hydrogenated Oil
Partially hydrogenated oils contain artificial trans fats which the FDA determined in 2015 are no longer Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and were banned for use after June 2018. Trans fats raise LDL cholesterol and are linked to coronary heart disease.
What it is
Vegetable oil that has been chemically processed by adding hydrogen, increasing saturation. Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) are a primary source of artificial trans fats.
Solidifies oils; extends shelf life; provides texture in baked goods, margarine, and shortenings.
Why it's flagged
- Partially hydrogenated oils contain industrial trans fats (FDA not GRAS, 2015); raises LDL, increases cardiovascular disease risk
What regulators actually say
"FDA finalized its determination that partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs), the primary dietary source of artificial trans fat in processed foods, are not generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in human food."
"The content of trans fat, other than trans fat naturally occurring in fat of animal origin, in food intended for the final consumer shall not exceed 2 grams per 100 grams of fat."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
PHOs no longer GRAS (2015 final determination); use prohibited after June 18, 2018
European Union — EFSA
EU caps industrial trans fats at 2g per 100g of fat (Regulation 2019/649)
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