Ginkgo Leaf
Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts are widely used as supplements but have been associated with bleeding risk (interactions with anticoagulants), GI upset, and headache. NTP studies showed evidence of carcinogenicity in rodents at high doses.
What it is
Leaf of Ginkgo biloba, used in herbal supplements and traditional medicine.
Herbal ingredient in supplements and some teas; raw leaves are not a typical food.
Why it's flagged
- bleeding/anticoagulant interactions
- rodent carcinogenicity (NTP 2013)
- GI/headache adverse effects
What regulators actually say
"Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of Ginkgo biloba extract in male and female B6C3F1/N mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Marketed as dietary supplement; not a recognized food additive
European Union — EFSA
Used in food supplements; whole leaf restrictions vary by member state
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