Fructose
Fructose is FDA GRAS as a nutritive sweetener. Like all caloric sweeteners, dose-dependent concerns: high intake of added fructose (especially via beverages) is associated with metabolic syndrome, hepatic lipogenesis, and elevated triglycerides.
What it is
A monosaccharide sugar naturally found in fruits, honey, and some vegetables; also produced industrially.
Sweetener; sweeter than sucrose.
Why it's flagged
- Added-sugar contribution
- Hepatic lipogenesis at high intake
- Hereditary fructose intolerance (rare)
What regulators actually say
"Fructose (C6H12O6, CAS Reg. No. 57-48-7), also called levulose... is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in food in accordance with current good manufacturing practice."
"WHO recommends reducing the intake of free sugars to less than 10% of total energy intake."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS under 21 CFR 184.1866 (fructose); added-sugar disclosure required
European Union — EFSA
Permitted; nutritional sugar
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