Eicosapentaenoic Acid
EPA is an essential omega-3 fatty acid with extensive evidence for cardiovascular benefits at moderate intakes. FDA has issued qualified health claims for EPA/DHA and coronary heart disease, and EFSA notes safe intakes of combined EPA+DHA up to 5 g/day for adults.
What it is
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oil and algae.
Functional/nutritional fortificant; supports cardiovascular and brain health.
Why it's flagged
- Excess intake (>3 g/day) may prolong bleeding time
- Possible fish-oil GI upset
What regulators actually say
"Consuming EPA and DHA combined may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease ... a qualified health claim."
"Supplemental intakes of EPA and DHA combined at doses up to 5 g/day ... do not raise safety concerns for adults."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS as a nutrient source in infant formula and other foods; FDA qualified health claim for EPA/DHA omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease.
European Union — EFSA
EFSA Tolerable Upper Intake assessment supports up to 5 g/day combined EPA+DHA.
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