Butane
Also known as: E943a
EFSA's 2025 re-evaluation concluded that butane (E943a), isobutane (E943b) and propane (E944) are of low toxicological concern at currently permitted uses and use levels. Permitted use is limited to vegetable-oil pan spray (professional) and water-based emulsion sprays at quantum satis, with very low dietary exposure.
What it is
Butane (n-butane), a short-chain C4 alkane gas used as a propellant in food sprays.
Propellant for food spray cans (oil sprays, water-based emulsion sprays).
Why it's flagged
- inhalation hazard during commercial handling (not relevant to dietary exposure)
What regulators actually say
"The use of butane (E 943a), isobutane (E 943b) and propane (E 944) as food additives at the currently permitted uses and use levels does not raise a safety concern."
"Their currently permitted use in food is in vegetable oil pan spray (for professional use only) and water-based emulsion spray as propellants at quantum satis."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
n-Butane permitted as propellant in food at GMP under 21 CFR 184.1165 (propane analog) and similar provisions; subject to GMP.
European Union — EFSA
Authorized as E943a propellant; 2025 re-evaluation found no safety concern at permitted uses.
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