Mineral Oil
Also known as: E905a
Food-grade white mineral oil is FDA-permitted under 21 CFR 172.878 / 178.3620, but EFSA's 2023 reassessment found that mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) accumulate in human tissues and that mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) with three or more aromatic rings are potentially genotoxic carcinogens. Food-grade refining minimizes MOAH but contamination occurs.
What it is
Highly refined mineral oil (food-grade white mineral oil), a saturated hydrocarbon (MOSH) mixture from petroleum.
Glazing agent, release agent, anti-foaming, lubricant on dried fruit and confectionery.
Why it's flagged
- MOSH accumulation in tissues
- MOAH potential genotoxicity
What regulators actually say
"White mineral oil may be safely used in food in accordance with the following prescribed conditions..."
"MOAH may act as genotoxic carcinogens, while some mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) can accumulate in human tissue and may cause adverse effects in the liver."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Authorized under 21 CFR 172.878 (white mineral oil) for direct food contact
European Union — EFSA
Authorized but EFSA flagged MOH safety concerns (2023 update)
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