Shellac
Also known as: E904, Bleached shellac
Shellac is FDA-permitted as a direct food additive (21 CFR 175.300 indirect; explicitly allowed for confectionery glazing). EFSA's 2024 re-evaluation established an ADI of 4 mg/kg bw/day for wax-free shellac and a temporary ADI for chemically bleached shellac pending data on organochlorine impurities.
What it is
Shellac, a resin secreted by the female lac insect (Kerria lacca), used as a glazing agent.
Glazing agent; provides shiny coating and moisture barrier.
Why it's flagged
- Animal-derived (lac insect)
- Chemically bleached form has organochlorine impurity concerns
- Trace ethanol/wax contamination possible
What regulators actually say
"The Panel derived an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 4 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for wax-free shellac (E 904) produced by physical decolouring."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Permitted as food glaze; FCC specifications
European Union — EFSA
Authorized as E904; ADI 4 mg/kg bw/day (wax-free)
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