Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate
Also known as: E503ii, Baker's ammonia, Sal volatile, Salt of hartshorn, Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate (E503ii) is approved by FDA (GRAS, 21 CFR 184.1135) and EFSA as a leavening agent. Decomposes during baking into water, CO2, and ammonia leaving no residue.
What it is
Ammonium hydrogen carbonate / ammonium bicarbonate (E503ii), an inorganic salt that decomposes on heating into water, CO2, and ammonia.
Raising/leavening agent in flat baked goods.
Why it's flagged
- May contribute to acrylamide formation in some baked goods
What regulators actually say
"Ammonium bicarbonate is GRAS as a direct human food ingredient when used as a leavening agent."
"Acrylamide in food is a public health concern; replacement of ammonium bicarbonate with sodium bicarbonate has been recommended for some products to reduce acrylamide."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS (21 CFR 184.1135).
European Union — EFSA
Authorised E503; no concern at typical use levels.
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