Ammonium Carbonate
Also known as: E503i, E503
Ammonium carbonate decomposes into CO2, water, and ammonia during baking, leaving little residue in finished goods. EFSA assessed E503 with no numerical ADI ('not specified') based on absence of toxicity.
What it is
Ammonium carbonate (E503i) is an inorganic salt of ammonium and carbonate, also known as 'baker's ammonia' or hartshorn.
Leavening agent in flat baked goods such as cookies and crackers; releases CO2 and ammonia upon heating.
Why it's flagged
- strong ammonia odor during baking; should be used only in thin baked goods
What regulators actually say
"Ammonium bicarbonate ... Ammonium carbonate ... are generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice."
"The Panel concluded that there is no safety concern for the use of ammonium carbonates (E 503) as a food additive ... an ADI 'not specified' is appropriate."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS as multiple-purpose food substance (21 CFR 184.1137)
European Union — EFSA
E503 - ADI 'not specified'; permitted as raising agent
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