Sodium Polyphosphate
Also known as: E452i, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polymetaphosphate, E452
Sodium polyphosphate (E452i) is approved by FDA and EFSA. EFSA's 2019 re-evaluation established a group ADI for total phosphate intake of 40 mg P/kg bw/day but flagged exceedance of the ADI in infants, toddlers, and children at mean and high exposure levels.
What it is
Sodium polyphosphate (E452i), an inorganic polyphosphate salt.
Emulsifier, sequestrant, moisture retainer; binds water in processed foods.
Why it's flagged
- EFSA exposure exceeds ADI in children
- Cardiovascular and kidney concerns in CKD/elderly
- Increases total phosphate intake from processed foods
What regulators actually say
"The Panel derived a group ADI for phosphates of 40 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as phosphorus... exposure estimates exceeded the proposed ADI for infants, toddlers and other children at the mean and at the 95th percentile."
"Sodium polyphosphate is GRAS as a direct human food ingredient."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS (21 CFR 182.6760, 184.1804).
European Union — EFSA
Authorised E452i; group ADI 40 mg P/kg bw/day; child exposure flagged (EFSA 2019).
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