Pentasodium Triphosphate
Also known as: E451i, Pentasodium tripolyphosphate, Sodium triphosphate, E451
EFSA 2019 set a group ADI of 40 mg/kg bw/day for total phosphates (expressed as P) and concluded that high consumers may exceed this in some scenarios. High dietary phosphate from additives is associated with adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease and possibly in healthy adults.
What it is
Pentasodium triphosphate (sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP, E451i) is a polyphosphate salt used as an emulsifier, sequestrant, and water-binder.
Improves moisture retention in seafood and meat; sequestrant in cheeses and dairy; reduces drip loss.
Why it's flagged
- high dietary phosphate linked to cardiovascular/renal effects in CKD
- ADI may be exceeded by high consumers
What regulators actually say
"Sodium tripolyphosphate ... is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice."
"The Panel established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for phosphates of 40 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as phosphorus ... dietary exposure may exceed the ADI in toddlers, children and adolescents at high consumption."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Approved additive for water retention (21 CFR 182.1810 GRAS for STPP)
European Union — EFSA
E451 - within group ADI 40 mg/kg bw/day for phosphates (2019)
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