Disodium Diphosphate
Also known as: E450i, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, sapp, disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate
Disodium diphosphate is permitted as a food additive in the EU and is GRAS in the US. EFSA's 2019 re-evaluation of phosphates set a group ADI of 40 mg/kg bw/day expressed as phosphorus, citing potential exceedance in some population groups but no acute toxicity at typical use levels.
What it is
Disodium diphosphate (disodium pyrophosphate, E450i) is a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid.
Leavening agent, sequestrant, buffering agent, and emulsifier; reacts with sodium bicarbonate to release CO2 in baked goods.
Why it's flagged
- High dietary phosphate may stress kidneys in CKD patients
- Cumulative intake can exceed group ADI in some consumers
What regulators actually say
"EFSA established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for phosphates of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, expressed as phosphorus."
"Sodium acid pyrophosphate ... GRAS for use as a sequestrant."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS (21 CFR 182.1810)
European Union — EFSA
Authorised; group ADI 40 mg/kg bw/day as phosphorus (2019)
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