Guar Gum
Also known as: E412, Gum cyamopsis, guar flour
EFSA's 2017 re-evaluation concluded no safety concern for the general population at refined exposure levels and saw no need for a numerical ADI. High doses can cause GI symptoms (bloating, gas) due to colonic fermentation.
What it is
Polysaccharide (galactomannan) extracted from the seeds of the guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). E-number E412.
Thickener, stabilizer, water-binder; produces high viscosity at low concentrations and prevents ice crystal formation in frozen foods.
Why it's flagged
- GI discomfort (bloating, flatulence) at high concentrations
- 2024 EFSA follow-up flagged insufficient data for use in infant formulas
- Hydrates aggressively — choking hazard if consumed dry/uncooked
What regulators actually say
"The Panel concluded that there is no need for a numerical ADI for guar gum (E 412), and there is no safety concern for the general population at the refined exposure assessment of guar gum (E 412) as a food additive."
"For uses of guar gum in foods intended for infants and young children the occurrence of abdominal discomfort should be monitored."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS under 21 CFR 184.1339
European Union — EFSA
Permitted as E412; no numerical ADI needed (EFSA 2017)
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