Potassium Phosphates
Also known as: E340, potassium phosphate, E 340, E-340, Potassium phosphate
EFSA's 2019 re-evaluation of phosphates set a group ADI of 40 mg/kg bw/day expressed as phosphorus, with no genotoxicity or carcinogenicity concerns. However, dietary exposure may exceed the ADI in certain age groups and high consumers, and the ADI does not apply to people with moderate-to-severe kidney impairment.
What it is
Potassium phosphates — monobasic (E 340(i)), dibasic (E 340(ii)), and tribasic (E 340(iii)) potassium salts of phosphoric acid.
Buffering agents, sequestrants, emulsifying salts, and yeast nutrients in a wide range of foods.
Why it's flagged
- high cumulative phosphate intake may exceed ADI
- concern for individuals with kidney impairment
What regulators actually say
"The Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for phosphates expressed as phosphorus of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day... applicable to the general population except individuals with moderate to severe reduction in kidney function."
"Potassium phosphate, monobasic (KH2PO4)... is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Potassium phosphates are GRAS under 21 CFR 184.1610 / 184.1613 / 184.1631.
European Union — EFSA
Re-evaluated by EFSA in 2019 — group ADI 40 mg/kg bw/day as P; some high consumers exceed ADI.
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