Trisodium Phosphate
Also known as: E339iii, Tribasic sodium phosphate, E339
Trisodium phosphate is GRAS in the US (21 CFR 182.1778) and authorized in the EU as E339(iii). However, EFSA's 2019 re-evaluation set a group ADI for phosphates of 40 mg/kg bw/day as phosphorus and noted that exposure may exceed the ADI in some population groups, particularly children.
What it is
Trisodium phosphate (TSP), an inorganic sodium salt of phosphoric acid.
Emulsifier, buffering agent, leavening agent, and texturizer.
Why it's flagged
- EFSA 2019 group ADI for phosphates (40 mg/kg bw/day) may be exceeded in children and high-intake population groups
- High dietary phosphate intake associated with cardiovascular and renal effects in susceptible individuals
What regulators actually say
"Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, and tribasic). The food additive may be safely used in food in accordance with the following prescribed conditions..."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS under 21 CFR 182.1778.
European Union — EFSA
Authorised as E339; group ADI 40 mg/kg bw/day for phosphates (2019).
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