Citric Acid
Also known as: E330
FDA GRAS under 21 CFR 184.1033 with no specific use limit. EFSA confirms no need for a numerical ADI; JECFA assigned an ADI of 'not limited.' Citric acid is a normal intermediate of the body's energy metabolism (Krebs cycle).
What it is
Citric acid (E330), a weak organic acid naturally present in citrus fruit and produced commercially via Aspergillus niger fermentation.
Acidulant, pH regulator, antioxidant synergist (chelates metal ions), flavor enhancer, and preservative.
Why it's flagged
- may erode tooth enamel with prolonged contact (e.g., sour candies, acidic beverages)
- rare reports of inflammatory reactions to mold-fermented citric acid in sensitive individuals
What regulators actually say
"Citric acid is listed under 21 CFR 184.1033 (GRAS food additives) and FEMA GRAS Publication Nos. (3, 25), with SCOGS Report No. 84."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS (21 CFR 184.1033)
European Union — EFSA
permitted, no ADI (quantum satis)
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