Propyl Gallate
Also known as: E310, Propyl ester of gallic acid
Propyl gallate is FDA GRAS as an antioxidant under 21 CFR 184.1660 with use limited to <=0.02% of fat/oil content. Despite this status, it is grouped with BHA/BHT among synthetic phenolic antioxidants of public-health concern: animal data show some endocrine and reproductive effects, and the EU JECFA ADI is 1.4 mg/kg bw/day.
What it is
Propyl gallate, the n-propyl ester of gallic acid. Synthetic phenolic antioxidant, white-to-cream crystalline solid.
Antioxidant; prevents oxidative rancidity in fats and oils.
Why it's flagged
- Synthetic phenolic antioxidant in same class as BHA/BHT
- Limited evidence of endocrine/reproductive effects in animals
What regulators actually say
"Propyl gallate (C10H12O5, CAS Reg. No. 121-79-9)... GRAS for use in food, with the total antioxidant content not over 0.02 percent of the fat or oil content of the food and when used according to good manufacturing practice."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS under 21 CFR 184.1660; limited to <=0.02% of fat/oil content.
European Union — EFSA
Permitted (E 310); JECFA ADI 1.4 mg/kg bw/day.
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