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Fumaric Acid
Fumaric Acid
Also known as: E297, trans-Butenedioic acid
Low concern
Fumaric acid is FDA-permitted under 21 CFR 172.350 and EFSA-authorized as E297. JECFA ADI 6 mg/kg bw/day.
Found in
8,456 products
E-number
E297
What it is
Naturally occurring organic acid (HOOCCH=CHCOOH) found in fumitory, mushrooms, and lichens; produced industrially from maleic anhydride.
Acidulant and pH regulator; flavor enhancer; non-hygroscopic alternative to citric/tartaric acids.
Why it's flagged
- potential GI irritation at very high intake
What regulators actually say
"Fumaric acid and its calcium, ferrous, magnesium, potassium, and sodium salts may be safely used in food in accordance with prescribed conditions."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Permitted under 21 CFR 172.350.
European Union — EFSA
Authorized as E297; ADI 6 mg/kg bw/day.
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