Propyl Para-Hydroxybenzoate
Also known as: E216, Propylparaben
Propylparaben raises endocrine-disruption concerns. EFSA (2004) removed propylparaben from the group ADI of parabens, finding a lack of NOAEL due to effects on reproductive organs in juvenile rats.
What it is
Propylparaben (propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, E216) – ester preservative with antimicrobial activity.
Preservative against molds and yeasts.
Why it's flagged
- Endocrine-disrupting (estrogenic) activity
- EU revoked food authorization in 2006 (no NOAEL set due to reproductive effects in juvenile rats)
- Reproductive effects in animal studies
What regulators actually say
"The Panel was unable to recommend an ADI for propyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid... given the effects on sex hormones and male reproductive organs reported in juvenile rats."
"Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate (E 216) and its sodium salt (E 217) should be deleted from the list of authorised additives."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Listed GRAS in 21 CFR 184.1670 (food use largely abandoned); FDA petition received to revoke GRAS (EDF/CFS, 2022).
European Union — EFSA
E216 NOT authorized in EU food (removed 2006); EFSA 2004 unable to set ADI.
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