Red Iron Oxide
Also known as: E172ii, iron(III) oxide, ferric oxide, E172
Iron oxides (E172) are EFSA- and FDA-approved color additives derived from synthetic iron oxide. They are minimally absorbed in the GI tract.
What it is
Red iron oxide (E172(ii)), an inorganic pigment used as a food colorant.
Color additive providing red, orange, brown hues.
Why it's flagged
- restricted uses in human food in the US
What regulators actually say
"The Panel concluded that there is no safety concern from the use of iron oxides (E 172) at the maximum permitted levels."
"Synthetic iron oxide may be safely used for coloring ... at levels not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Synthetic iron oxide listed under 21 CFR 73.200 with limited uses; not broadly permitted in human food.
European Union — EFSA
Authorized as E172; EFSA 2015 re-evaluation found no safety concerns.
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