Sulphite Ammonia Caramel
Also known as: E150d, Sulfite ammonia caramel, Caramel Colour Ammonium Sulphite Process, Colour Sulphite Ammonia Caramel, Colour E150d
E150d is authorized in the US and EU. EFSA established an ADI of 100 mg/kg bw/day for E150d (sulphite ammonia caramel) based on its content of 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI).
What it is
Sulphite ammonia caramel (Caramel Class IV / E150d), produced by heating carbohydrates in the presence of both ammonium and sulphite compounds.
Brown coloring; especially common in cola beverages, soy sauce, and dark beers.
Why it's flagged
- contains 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) — IARC 2B 'possibly carcinogenic'
- California Prop 65 listed (4-MEI)
What regulators actually say
"The Panel established an ADI of 100 mg/kg bw/day for sulphite ammonia caramel (E 150d), based on the content of 4-methylimidazole."
"4-Methylimidazole is classified as Group 2B — possibly carcinogenic to humans."
"Caramel is exempt from certification and may be safely used for coloring foods generally."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS — caramel (21 CFR 73.85); FDA monitors 4-MEI levels.
European Union — EFSA
EFSA 2011 — ADI 100 mg/kg bw/d for E150d (group ADI for caramels: 300 mg/kg bw/d).
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