Plain Caramel
Also known as: E150a, caramel color, caramel coloring, E150c, Ammonia caramel
EFSA's 2011 re-evaluation concluded that the four caramel colours are neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic and have no adverse effects on reproduction or development; the panel set a group ADI of 300 mg/kg bw/day. E150a contains the lowest levels of the byproducts of concern (2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole and 4-MEI) found in ammonia caramels.
What it is
Plain (Class I) caramel colour, produced by controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates without ammonium or sulphite compounds. Of the four caramel classes, E150a has the lowest 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) content — the contaminant of concern is associated with E150c and especially E150d.
Brown colour (no caramelized flavour at use levels).
Why it's flagged
- consumers may confuse with E150d (caramel IV) which contains higher 4-MEI
- not a 'natural' ingredient despite consumer perception
What regulators actually say
"Based on all available data, the Panel concluded that these caramel colours are neither genotoxic, nor carcinogenic and that there is no evidence to show that they have any adverse effects on human reproduction or for the developing child. The ANS Panel established a group Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 300 mg per kg body weight per day applicable to all four colours."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS as caramel - 21 CFR 73.85
European Union — EFSA
Permitted; group ADI 300 mg/kg bw/day (EFSA 2011)
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