Erythrosine
Also known as: E127, FD&C Red 3, FD & C Red No.3, Red No. 3, FD&C Red no3
On January 15, 2025, the FDA revoked authorization for FD&C Red No. 3 in food and ingested drugs based on the Delaney Clause, after evidence showed cancer in male rats exposed to high doses.
What it is
Erythrosine (FD&C Red No. 3), a synthetic xanthene cherry-red food dye.
Color additive providing bright cherry-red shade.
Why it's flagged
- Banned in US food (Jan 2025)
- Caused cancer in male rats
- Delaney Clause violation
What regulators actually say
"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is revoking the authorization for the use of FD&C Red No. 3 in food and ingested drugs. Manufacturers who use FD&C Red No. 3 in food and ingested drugs will have until January 15, 2027 or January 18, 2028, respectively, to reformulate their products."
"The Delaney Clause... is clear; the FDA cannot authorize a food additive or color additive if it has been found to cause cancer in humans or animals."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Banned in food and ingested drugs (revoked Jan 15, 2025; compliance by Jan 15, 2027 for food)
European Union — EFSA
Authorized as E127 with restricted use; ADI 0.1 mg/kg bw/day
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