Choline Salt
Also known as: E1001
Choline is an essential nutrient with an established Adequate Intake set by the Institute of Medicine and used as a food additive/nutrient at safe levels; the salts are widely used in infant formula and supplements.
What it is
E1001 is the EU code group covering choline salts (choline chloride, choline citrate, choline bitartrate) used as a nutrient and emulsifier-related additive.
Source of choline (essential nutrient) and used in some formulations as an emulsifier-related ingredient and animal-feed additive.
Why it's flagged
- very high single doses (gram-level supplements) can cause GI upset and fishy body odor
What regulators actually say
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Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Choline bitartrate and choline chloride are GRAS for use as nutrients in foods including infant formula (21 CFR 184)
European Union — EFSA
Choline salts evaluated by EFSA; Adequate Intake set by EFSA NDA Panel
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