Diatomaceous Earth
Food-grade diatomaceous earth (amorphous silica) is GRAS as a filter aid and is largely removed from final food products. The serious health concern is occupational inhalation of crystalline silica (a known carcinogen, IARC Group 1); ingested amorphous silica is generally considered low risk.
What it is
A naturally occurring sedimentary rock made from fossilized diatoms (microscopic algae); composed primarily of amorphous silicon dioxide.
Used as a filtration aid, anticaking agent, and abrasive (e.g., toothpaste); food-grade DE is amorphous silica.
Why it's flagged
- occupational inhalation hazard (crystalline silica)
- ensure food-grade (low crystalline silica) for ingestion
What regulators actually say
"Diatomaceous earth may be safely used as a filter aid in food provided... it is removed from the food before final processing."
"The Panel was unable to confirm the safety of silicon dioxide (E 551) as a food additive based on the available database."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS as a filter aid under 21 CFR 173.310; silicon dioxide as anticaking agent under 21 CFR 172.480.
European Union — EFSA
Silicon dioxide (E 551) approved; EFSA 2018 re-evaluation requested further data, ADI not established but no concern at current uses.
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