Collagen
Collagen is a complete-but-imbalanced protein (high glycine/proline, low tryptophan) that is generally safe when sourced from inspected animal products. It is GRAS as gelatin/collagen-derived ingredients, though efficacy claims for skin/joint health remain limited.
What it is
A structural protein extracted from animal connective tissue (typically bovine, porcine, or fish skin and bones), often hydrolyzed for use in foods.
Protein source, gelling agent (as gelatin), texture/mouthfeel improver, supplement.
Why it's flagged
- fish/bovine/porcine allergen depending on source
- purity depends on processing
What regulators actually say
"Gelatin is a protein produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from bones, connective tissues, organs, and some intestines of animals such as domesticated cattle, chicken, horses, hogs, and fish."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Gelatin/collagen GRAS for food use; subject to USDA inspection when sourced from cattle/swine.
European Union — EFSA
Authorized; subject to TSE/BSE controls under Regulation (EC) 999/2001 for ruminant-derived collagen.
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