Cochineal Extract
FDA requires explicit declaration on food labels (since 2011) due to documented cases of severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Not vegetarian (insect-derived).
What it is
A red colorant extracted from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus); contains carminic acid as the main pigment.
Natural red color additive.
Why it's flagged
- documented severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis
- not vegetarian/vegan
What regulators actually say
"Cochineal extract is the concentrated solution obtained after removing the alcohol from an aqueous-alcoholic extract of cochineal."
"FDA published a final rule that requires the declaration by name of the color additives cochineal extract and carmine on the labels of all food and cosmetic products that contain them."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
permitted exempt from certification - 21 CFR 73.100; declaration required
European Union — EFSA
permitted as E120 (carmines)
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