Cider
Also known as: apple cider
Hard cider contains ethanol, classified by IARC as Group 1 carcinogen. Same alcohol-related health risks as other alcoholic beverages: cancer, liver disease, addiction, fetal alcohol syndrome.
What it is
Fermented apple beverage; alcoholic in most countries (hard cider, ~4-8% ABV); 'cider' may also refer to unfiltered apple juice in the US.
Alcoholic beverage; cooking liquid.
Why it's flagged
- Ethanol is IARC Group 1 carcinogen
- Fetal alcohol exposure in pregnancy
- Addiction/AUD risk
What regulators actually say
"Alcoholic beverages are classified as Group 1, carcinogenic to humans."
"There is no known safe level of alcohol consumption."
"Juice HACCP regulation applies to apple cider and other juices to control pathogens including E. coli O157:H7."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Hard cider regulated by TTB; non-alcoholic apple cider regulated by FDA juice HACCP
European Union — EFSA
Alcoholic beverage; alcohol classified as carcinogen
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