Ci 77491
Synthetic iron oxides (CI 77491 red, CI 77492 yellow, CI 77499 black) are FDA-approved color additives, exempt from certification, for cosmetic use under 21 CFR 73.2250 and for food use under 21 CFR 73.200 (iron oxide is permitted as a food color in limited applications). Considered non-toxic and not absorbed through intact skin.
What it is
CI 77491 — synthetic red iron oxide (Fe2O3); inorganic mineral pigment.
Color additive (cosmetics primarily; also approved for some drug and food coloring applications as iron oxide).
Why it's flagged
- heavy metal contamination if poorly purified (regulatory limits exist on lead/arsenic/mercury)
What regulators actually say
"Iron oxides are safe for use in coloring cosmetics generally, including cosmetics applied to the area of the eye, in amounts consistent with current good manufacturing practice."
"Iron oxides are FDA-approved for cosmetic use including products applied around the eye, in lipsticks, foundations, and other makeup; exempt from certification."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Approved color additive exempt from certification, 21 CFR 73.2250 (cosmetics) and 21 CFR 73.200 (food, limited)
European Union — EFSA
Authorized as E172 in food; permitted as cosmetic colorant under EU 1223/2009
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