Browning
Most commercial 'browning' is a caramel-coloring solution (E150a–d). Caramel III and IV may contain 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI), which California listed as a Proposition 65 carcinogen in 2011; FDA continues to regard caramel coloring as safe at typical use levels.
What it is
A generic ingredient term referring to caramel- or sugar-based browning sauces or coloring used to deepen the color of gravies, sauces, and baked goods.
Color enhancer; commonly caramel coloring (E150) or sugar-based.
Why it's flagged
- Caramel III/IV variants may contain trace 4-methylimidazole (Prop 65 listed)
What regulators actually say
"4-Methylimidazole was added to the Proposition 65 list on January 7, 2011 as a chemical known to the State to cause cancer."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Caramel coloring approved color additive — 21 CFR 73.85
European Union — EFSA
E150a-d authorized; ADI established by JECFA/EFSA
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