Black Pepper Extract
Piperine, the active compound, can inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes and increase bioavailability of co-administered drugs. NIH-indexed pharmacology reviews note clinically meaningful drug-interaction potential at concentrated doses, though dietary culinary amounts are considered safe.
What it is
Concentrated extract of Piper nigrum, typically standardized to piperine.
Flavoring and bioavailability enhancer in supplements and seasonings.
Why it's flagged
- potential drug interactions via CYP3A4/P-gp inhibition at concentrated doses
What regulators actually say
"Spices and other natural seasonings and flavorings that are generally recognized as safe... Pepper, black (Piper nigrum L.)."
"Piperine inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes and may alter pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Black pepper and oleoresin GRAS as spice/flavor (21 CFR 182.10, 182.20).
European Union — EFSA
Permitted as a flavoring/spice.
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