Bergamot
Bergamot peel oil and extracts are GRAS as flavorings under 21 CFR 182.20. Bergamot oil contains furocoumarins (bergapten), which can cause photosensitization on skin and are restricted in EU foods.
What it is
Citrus bergamia, a citrus fruit cultivated mainly in Calabria, Italy; typically used as a peel/oil flavor source rather than eaten fresh.
Flavoring (Earl Grey tea), juice, polyphenol supplement.
Why it's flagged
- bergapten phototoxicity (topical)
- drug interactions via CYP3A4 (similar to grapefruit, weaker)
- EU max levels for furocoumarins
What regulators actually say
"Bergamot (Citrus aurantium L. subsp. bergamia Wright et Arn.) - essential oils, oleoresins... are generally recognized as safe."
"Furocoumarins are naturally present in plants of the Rutaceae family including bergamot and may cause phototoxicity."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
GRAS as natural flavor (21 CFR 182.20).
European Union — EFSA
Authorised flavouring; furocoumarins restricted under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008 Annex III (max 1 mg/kg in alcoholic beverages with bergamot).
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