Ashwagandha
Also known as: withania somnifera
Ashwagandha is widely used in supplements for stress and sleep. Most studies show acceptable short-term safety, but case reports have linked it to liver injury, and it may interact with thyroid medications, sedatives, and immunosuppressants.
What it is
Adaptogenic root extract from Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng), used in Ayurvedic medicine and dietary supplements.
Botanical ingredient and dietary supplement; not a traditional food.
Why it's flagged
- Hepatotoxicity case reports
- Drug interactions
- Avoid in pregnancy
What regulators actually say
"Ashwagandha is generally considered safe in short-term use, but case reports of liver injury have been published."
"LiverTox: Ashwagandha has been linked to clinically apparent acute liver injury in some cases."
Regulatory status
United States — FDA
Sold as dietary supplement under DSHEA; not approved drug
European Union — EFSA
Novel food considerations; restricted in some EU member states
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